sumar (Proto-West Germanic)

Where does "sumar" come from?

The Proto-West Germanic noun 'sumar' descends directly from the Proto-Germanic form '*sumaraz'[1]. This root is traced further back to the Proto-Indo-European '*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-', which was an oblique r-stem derived from the base '*s(e)m-eh₂-' meaning 'summer' or 'year'[2].

Open questions

• The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form remains a theoretical base for the Proto-Germanic term. [2]

Full etymology tree

• *sumar (Proto-West Germanic), 'summer'
  • inherited *sumaraz (Proto-Germanic), 'summer'
    • derived *sm̥-h₂-ór-o- (Proto-Indo-European)
      • derived *s(e)m-eh₂- (Proto-Indo-European)

Ancestors

• *sumaraz (Proto-Germanic)

Descendants and derived words

• sumer (Old English)
• sumor (Old English)
• sumur (Old English)
• sumar (Old High German)
• sumar (Old Saxon)
• *sumarōn (Proto-West Germanic)

Sources

1. sumar (Proto-West Germanic) - Wiktionary
2. sumaraz (Proto-Germanic) - Wiktionary

Updated August 2026

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Etymology data from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 · About Miraris